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Monetary policy

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The adoption of the shared prosperity goal by the World Bank in 2013 and Sustainable Development Goal 10, on inequality, by the United Nations in 2015 should strengthen the focus of development interventions and cooperation on the income growth of the bottom 40 percent of the income distribution. This paper contributes to the incipient literature on within-country allocations of development institutions and assesses the geographic targeting of World Bank projects to the bottom 40 percent. Bivariate correlations between the allocation of project funding approved over 2005-14 and the geographical distribution of the bottom 40 as measured by survey income or consumption data are complemented by regressions with population and other potential factors affecting the within-country allocations as controls. The correlation analysis shows that, of the 58 countries in the sample, 41 exhibit a positive correlation between the shares of the bottom 40 and World Bank funding, and, in almost half of these, the correlation is above 0.5. Slightly more than a quarter of the countries, mostly in Sub-Saharan Africa, exhibit a negative correlation. The regression analysis shows that, once one controls for population, the correlation between the bottom 40 and World Bank funding switches sign and becomes significant and negative on average. This is entirely driven by Sub-Saharan Africa and not observed in the other regions. Hence, the significant and positive correlation in the estimations without controlling for population suggests that World Bank project funding is concentrated in administrative areas in which more people live (including the bottom 40) rather than in poorer administrative areas. Furthermore, capital cities receive disproportionally high shares of World Bank funding on average.

Monetary policy.

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This paper surveys the literature on the linkages between asset prices and macroeconomic outcomes. It focuses on three major questions. First, what are the basic theoretical linkages between asset prices and macroeconomic outcomes? Second, what is the empirical evidence supporting these linkages? And third, what are the main challenges to the theoretical and empirical findings? The survey addresses these questions in the context of four major asset price categories: equity prices, house prices, exchange rates and interest rates, with a particular focus on their international dimensions. It also puts into perspective the evolution of the literature on the determinants of asset prices and their linkages with macroeconomic outcomes, and discusses possible future research directions.

Monetary policy.

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Monetary policy

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Biographical note: Bundesbankdirektor Dieter Verbeck ist langjähriger Dozent an der Hochschule der Deutschen Bundesbank auf Schloss Hachenburg (Westerwald). Long description: Die Sicherstellung und logistische Steuerung des Bargeldumlaufs in der deutschen Volkswirtschaft gehört zu den Kernaufgaben der Zentralbank. Die Deutschen halten es nach wie vor mit der Spruchweisheit: Nur Bares ist Wahres - doch in der Wirtschaftswissenschaft ist das Bargeld ins Gerede gekommen, aufgrund der angeblich hohen Transaktionskosten und als Grundlage für die Schattenwirtschaft. Zugleich basiert die Geldtheorie i. w. S. weiterhin auf Erkenntnissen zur Bargeldökonomie - die vorliegende Darstellung untersucht das Thema aus betriebs- und volkswirtschaftlicher sowie rechtlicher Perspektive und ist damit konkurrenzlos. Das Lehrbuch wird auch Eingang in die Ausbildung der Beamtenanwärter des gehobenen Dienstes der Deutschen Bundesbank sowie der Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht (BaFin) finden.

Monetary policy